The gut microbiome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and Indian traditional foods for gut health

• Author Details:   
• Shilpa Aunshul Varma ^*

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts a complex microbial ecosystem, with approximately 1,000–1,150 bacterial species potentially colonizing it, and each individual harbouring around 160 distinct species. This gut microbiota plays a critical role in digestion, immune function, and metabolic health. Recent research has highlighted its influence on obesity, a global health challenge with increasing prevalence in India and worldwide. The gut microbiota is highly dynamic, responding to dietary changes within hours in both animals and humans. Beyond diet, the microbiota modulates host inflammatory responses and metabolic pathways, contributing to obesity and related metabolic disorders. This article explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences obesity, focusing on inflammatory pathways, microbial metabolites, and intestinal permeability. Additionally, it examines Indian traditional foods rich in prebiotics and probiotics that can support gut health and potentially mitigate obesity.

Keywords: Microbiome, Gut health, Non-communicable disease, Diabetes mellitus, Inflammation, Indian traditional foods