Introduction
“Children are the wealth of tomorrow. Take care of them if you wish to have a strong India, ever ready to meet various challenges”. (P. Nehru)
In India, most of the deliveries happen in homes under the watchful eyes of elders or Trained Birth Attendants (TBA). The care of the newborn receives depends a lot on the knowledge of the mother. The primigravida mothers are supposed to be lacking in knowledge, practices of newborn care. It is believed that mothers were the first nurse who take care and met the primary needs of the new born babies during wellness and illness.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Estimates that 4 million children die during the neonatal period each year, with most deaths occurring in developing countries. Infections are the single most important cause of neonatal mortality. It is estimated that 3,00 000 infants die annually from tetanus, and a further 4,60,000 die because of severe bacterial infections, of which umbilical cord infections are an important precursor. Although increasing access to tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy must remain a priority, high rates of umbilical cord infection and sepsis can occur in areas free of tetanus, attributable to unhygienic delivery or immediate postpartum care practices that lead to contamination of the umbilical stump.7, 8, 9
The Essential Newborn Care Course (ENCC) aims to ensure health workers have the skills and knowledge to provide appropriate care at the most vulnerable period in a baby’s life. Health workers are taught to use WHO’s Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A guide for essential practice (the PCPNC Guide) – and particularly the sections concerned with newborn care – that provides up-to-date evidence-based information and management of babies with a range of needs in the initial newborn period. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
The investigator during her clinical posting observed that postnatal mothers were not having sufficient knowledge regarding newborn care, so that’s why their baby becomes sick and unhealthy. Globally 4 million newborns die every year before they reach the age of one month and approximately 3.4 million newborns die within the first week of life. It will lead to increase neonatal mortality and morbidity rates. So, the investigator felt the need of assess the effect of teaching cum demonstration on knowledge regarding essential newborn care among primi postnatal mother for enhancing their knowledge regarding essential newborn care.
Review of Literature
(Polite D.F. & Beck, C.T. 2011) Review of literature is an important step in the course of a research study. The review of literature is the systematic review of literatures relevant to the field of study.
Based on the findings of this study the main purpose was to evaluate the effect of teaching cum demonstration on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care among postnatal mothers of hospitals to increasing the knowledge regarding breastfeeding, thermoregulation, umbilical cord care, eye care, neonatal sepsis, sponge bathing, and immunization (just after birth).
A Pre-experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia among 60 post-natal mothers admitted in post-natal ward of KLE’S Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital Belgaum. A structured knowledge questionnaire is used for PTP assessment. The result came that PTP was effective method for mothers to improve their knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia.
A pre-experimental study to assess the effect of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding ENC among primigravida women attending antenatal OPD of selected hospital, Bhopal. The sample consisted of 60 samples by using purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire was utilized to assess the knowledge on ENC. The positive mean difference of knowledge score shows that video assisted teaching was effective.15, 16, 17, 18, 19
A study conducted a 5 days training programme on essential newborn care about care of the baby keeping baby warm, cord care, eye care & breast feeding for primigravida mother and postpartum mothers. The reason behind this programme was each year over 4 million babies less than one month of age die, most of them during the critical week at life, for this the intervention is strengthen health system as well as community intervention.
A study was conducted to assess the effect of questionnaire on thermoregulation knowledge and practice of 260 health professionals in Gujarat, Italy, Indonesia, Nepal, Brazil and Mozambique. The researcher concluded that awareness of the importance of thermal control and basic knowledge on thermal regulation and thermal protection were insufficient and this basic knowledge can be acquired through ongoing in-service education programmes.20, 21, 22, 23, 24
The retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of kangaroo mother care method on thermoregulation and weight gain of a 56 preterm & termed newborn in Dakar. Samples were randomly selected to assess the mean weight and gestational weight. The result of this study pointout efficacy of kangaroo method on the thermoregulation, weight gain and survival of babies.
Aim of the Study
To increase the level of knowledge on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care through teaching cum demonstration among postnatal mother.
Objectives
Assess the pre-existing knowledge regarding selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care among postnatal mothers.
Evaluate the effect of teaching cum demonstration on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care among postnatal mothers.
Associate the knowledge with selected demographic variable among postnatal mothers.
Research Methodology
Table 0
Analysis & Interpretation Data
Section I: Frequency and Present Distribution according to Socio Demographic Variable no
Table 0
Table Reveals
According to Age among 30 samples of group, 6 (20%) were from 19-24 year age group, 9(30%) were from 25-30 year age group, 9(30%) were from 31-36 year age group and 6(20%) were from 37 & above year age group.
According to Educational qualification among 30 samples of group, 2(6.6%) were illiterate, 5(16.6%) were have secondary knowledge, 10(33.3%) were have senior secondary knowledge, and 13(43.3%) were graduate and above.
According to Monthly income of family among 30 samples of group, 5 (16.6%) were from Below Rs. 10,000, 9(30%) were Rs.10,001- Rs.20,000, 9(30%) were Rs.20,001- Rs. 30,000 and 7(23.3%) were Rs. 30,001 & above.
According to Type of family among 30 samples of group, 14(46.6%) were from nuclear family, 16(53.3%) were from joint family.
According to Previous knowledge among 30 samples of group, 18(60%) were having knowledge and 12(40%) were not having knowledge.
According to Source of information among 30 samples of group, 6(20%) were have information from media, 4(13.3%) were having knowledge from health care worker & public health programme, 4(13.3%) were having knowledge from family & relatives and 4(13.3%) were having knowledge from others.
Section II: Mean & mean percentage % distribution comparison of Pre-test and Post-test knowledge scores
Table 1
Figure depicts comparison between pre-test and post test knowledge scores
|
Aspects |
Mean |
Mean % |
SD |
Paired t test |
Df |
|
Pre test |
13.200 |
44% |
1.97222 |
13.052 |
29 |
|
Post test |
22.433 |
74.76% |
3.3495 |
||
|
Enhancement |
9.233 |
||||
Table The mean 22.433 of post-test score was more than the mean 13.200 of pre-test score of postnatal mothers. There is total enhancement occur 9.233. The comparison of Pre-test and post-test knowledge on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care among postnatal mother had significant difference with t value (13.052) at p< 0.05 Level of significance.
Section III: Association between pre-test level of knowledge with the selected demographic variable
The researcher calculated the value of chi square in order to find out the association between the level of pre-test knowledge score with their selected socio demographic variable among postnatal women at p<0.05 level of significance.
The data present in the above table shows that there was significant difference between level of knowledge with age (0.082), educational qualification (0.721), family monthly income (3.05), type of family (1.87), previous knowledge (0.62), and source of information (2.18) at p< level of significance.
Hence, it was concluded that all the chi-square values were less than the table value. So, the research hypothesis is not accepted.
Table 0
Discussion
This chapter dealt with findings of the present study, “A study to assess the effect of teaching cum demonstration on knowledge regarding selected aspect of Essential New-born Care among postnatal mothers admitted in selected hospital, Lucknow.” In this chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the findings of other studies. The present study was conducted in the Balaganj Hospital and Maternity Center, Balaganj, Lucknow. Total sample was 30 postnatal mother who were admitted in the hospital. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample. Before returning collecting the data, the investigator introduce herself, explained the purpose of the study and obtained written consent. Socio demographic was used to collect personal information of subjects and tool was used to assess the knowledge on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care among postnatal mothers.
Conclusion
From this study researcher found that the postnatal mothers have gained knowledge on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care among postnatal mothers. And this study was done to assess the effect of the teaching cum demonstration programme regarding knowledge on selected aspects of Essential Newborn Care.
Nursing Implications
The present study emphasized regarding knowledge on selected aspects of Essential newborn care among postnatal mothers.
Recommendations
A similar study can be replicated on a larger sample.
An evaluative study may be conducted to investigate the effect of selected aspects of Essential newborn care knowledge on well being of the mother and her newborn baby.
A study needs to be carried out in the urban and rural areas to find out the difference in knowledge.
A comparative study can be carried out between primi postnatal mothers and multigravida mothers.
